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Legal Assistance Section 29 And 30 Pocso Act 2012 In order to combat the heinous crime of sexual abuse and exploitation of children through unclear and strict legal provisions, the Ministry of Women and Child Development pushed for the introduction of the POCSO ( Law on Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) in 2012. The law was enacted to protect children from sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography and to provide for the establishment of special courts for the prosecution of such offences and related issues and incidents. The POCSO Act is a special law passed by the legislature to act as an association of persons best suited to the welfare and interests of children. A kind of action which is gender neutral and which considers children's welfare and well-being at all stages to be the top priority to ensure a healthy physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of children.       Section 29 of the Sexual Offences Protection of Childre...

Legal Assistance Circumstantial Evidence Evidence is evidence based on conclusions to link it to a conclusion or fact, such as a fingerprint at the crime scene. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of a claim - that is, without the need for additional evidence or conclusions. It is the necessity of the conclusion, not the obviousness of the fact to be concluded, that determines whether the evidence is circumstantial. Evidence is when facts are used to infer another fact. It explains what has already been said, but it does nothing else; it is not direct proof of what a witness has seen or heard. Characterizing evidence as direct or indirect refers to the kind of conclusion that the finder of the fact draws from the evidence to use as proof that it is a fact. Direct evidence is direct evidence of a fact, such as the testimony of a witness or what the witness has seen or heard. Indirect evidence implies that something has happened that cannot be proven by proving one or mor...

Legal Assistance 138 Negotiable Instrument Act1881 On the other hand, section 138 of the NI Act defines the offence of misappropriation of a cheque as insufficient funds in the account, and on the contrary there is no offence of misappropriation of a cheque, and there is confusion as to whether the wording of this provision is the same as that for cheques returned to the bank unpaid. The accused must prove that the account had sufficient funds at the time the cheque was handed over, that it was stopped before payment, that a communication was issued or that there was no other valid reason for the alleged offense under Section 138 (MMTC Ltd v Medchl Chemical Pharma P Ltd, 2002, 1 SCC 234). A complaint under this section must be made not only that the cheques were dishonourable because the means were insufficient to fulfil them, but also that the amount in the cheques exceeded the amount in the drawer when he was told to do so, and that the bank should have stopped payment. The NI Act ...

Legal Assistance Indian Evidence Act of 1872 Section 32 Pursuant to Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act of 1872, oral evidence is usually directed at those who hear, see, or perceive it. A person who is likely to know of the existence of a public law or a public custom or a matter of public or general interest or who has made a statement thereto or who dies or makes a statement when a controversy arises or who unable to give evidence or whose presence can not be conveyed without delay or expense may be used as evidence before a court pursuant to Section 32 (4). The law assumes that a person meets his creator by lying through his mouth. If a statement is made by several or a number of persons, who in turn express their feelings, then such a statement is relevant in accordance with section 32 subsection 8. If the facts in question are relevant, the facts and statements concerning them shall not be excluded from the application of paragraph 32 (4). In Indian law, the consideration of ...

Legal Assistance NATIONAL SMALL INDUSTRIES CORP LTD V/S HARMEET SINGH PAINTAL, 2010 (3) SCC 330 A combined reading of Sections 5 and 291 of Companies Act, 1956 with the definitions in clauses 24, 26, 30, 31 and 45 of Section 2 of that Act would show that the following persons are considered to be the persons who are responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company: (a) the Managing Director/s; (b) the whole-time Director/s; (c) the Manager; (d) the Secretary; (e) any person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the Board of Directors of the company is accustomed to act; (f) any person charged by the Board of Directors with the responsibility of complying with that provision; Provided that the person so charged has given his consent in this behalf to the Board; (g) where any company does not have any of the officers specified in clauses (a) to (c), any director or directors who may be specified by the Board in this behalf or where no director is so...

Legal Assistance 15 से 18 साल की उम्र की पत्नी से  यौन संबंध बलात्कार ? वर्ष 2017 में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के समक्ष एक गंभीर एवं सामाजिक महत्त्व का यह प्रश्न उत्पन्नं हुआ कि, क्या एक पुरुष, के द्वारा अपनी पत्नी जिसकी उम्र 15 से 18 साल के बीच की लड़की है, के साथ, बनाया गया यौन संबंध बलात्कार  की कोटि में आता है? भारतीय दंड संहिता, 1860 की धारा 375 इस बात की अनुमति देती है, जो इस प्रकार है निम्नानुसार है - 375. बलात्संग-यदि कोई पुरुष, (क) किसी स्त्री की योनि, उसके मुँह, मूत्रमार्ग या गुदा में अपना लिंग किसी भी सीमा तक प्रवेश में करता है या उससे ऐसा अपने या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के साथ कराता है; या (ख) किसी स्त्री की योनि, मूत्रमार्ग या गुदा में ऐसी कोई वस्तु या शरीर का कोई भाग, जो लिंग न हो, किसी भी सीमा तक अनुप्रवष्टि करता है या उससे ऐसा अपने या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के साथ कराता है; या (ग) किसी स्त्री के शरीर के किसी भाग का इस प्रकार हस्तसाधन करता है जिससे कि उस स्त्री की योनि, गुदा, मूत्रमार्ग या शरीर के किसी भाग में प्रवेशन कारित किया जा सके या उससे ऐसा अपने या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के सा...

अभियुक्त के साथ मृतक का अंतिम बार देखा जाना 1. अभियुक्त के साथ मृतक का अंतिम बार देखा जाना - धारा 3 सिद्धदोष के विरुद्ध अपील परिस्थितिजन्य साक्ष्य साक्ष्य का मूल्यांकन - ऐसा कोई साक्ष्य नहीं है जो दर्शाता है कि घटना दृश्य से बरामद और शव के समीप पड़ी चप्पलें अभियुक्त की है, कोई ठोस सबूत नहीं है जो दर्शाता है कि अभियुक्त व्यक्तियों एवं मृतक को रात्रि के दौरान घटना दृश्य के समीप एक साथ देखा गया था अभियुक्तों के पास मृतक की हत्या कारित करने के लिए, कोई हेतु या तत्क्षण कारण नहीं था, अभियोजन, एक साथ अंतिम बार देखे जाने के की परिस्थिति पर आधारित अभियुक्त के विरुद्ध अपराध स्थापित करने में बुरी तरह विफल हो गया | अभियुक्तों के विरुद्ध केवल एकमात्र परिस्थिति है कि उन्होंने यह स्पष्टीकृत नहीं किया गया है कि मृतक ने, उसके घर से उसको उनके लेने के पश्चात्, कब उनके साथ से प्रस्थान किया था, परन्तु, मात्र इस कारण से यह अनुमान लगाना सुरक्षित नहीं है कि अभियुक्त व्यक्ति ही केवल वे लोग हैं जिन्होंने मृतक की हत्या का जघन्य अपराध कारित किया था अभियुक्त की प्रेरणा पर बांस की छड़ी की बरामदगी अभिनिर्धारित, ऐ...